The correct way to "stand up to these tyrannical fucks" would have been to ask for the case to be dismissed.
If the assistant Commonwealth's Attorney (the prosecutor) was there, he would have asked for a continuance, and you would have to show up on another day and miss another day of work. That's how the system works. Everybody gets paid (the judge, the CA, the cop) except YOU.
You should have spent some time researching what actually happens in court so you'd have known what to do and what to expect.
Instead, you went in ignorant and allowed yourself to be buffaloed by the judge into pleading guilty, so you have no recourse, and that's what you're pissed off about.
At any rate, if you want to sue, read this page at the Central Virginia Legal Aid Society as to what you have to do to sue in General District Court:
http://www.valegalaid.org/resource/taking-a-civil-case-to-general-district-court-2