Re: Rules of discovery in Fairfax District court
Date: February 06, 2014 11:21AM
Discovery in the General District Court, such as it is, is governed by Virginia Supreme Court Rule 7C:5. Discovery under this rule is only available for felonies and for misdemeanors carrying the possibility of jail time (that is, Class 1 and 2 misdemeanors).
Basically, discovery in the GDC is limited to:
(1) Any written or oral statements the accused made to the police; and
(2) The criminal record of the accused.
You must move for discovery at least 10 days before court (before the trial date for a misdemeanor and before the preliminary hearing for a felony). The motion must be in writing. You file a copy with the court and give a copy to the ACA who is prosecuting the case.
In addition to the discovery allowed by Va.S.Ct.R. 7C:5, you also have a constitutional right to what's known as exculpatory or "Brady" evidence: that is, evidence that the police or the prosecutor have that favors a finding of not guilty. Lawyers generally add a provision to their discovery motion requesting all exculpatory evidence, even though the prosecutor has a duty to turn it over.
I encourage you to find a lawyer to represent you in this matter. These things sound simple, but like patching a roof, fixing a leaky pipe, or replacing an alternator in a car, it's better to have an expert do it. This is especially true because, unlike those three examples, you could end up going to jail, paying heavier fines, and - if you're convicted of a felony - losing the right to carry a firearm and losing, temporarily or permanently, your right to vote.
If you insist on going forward on your own, know that you'll often get the answer to your motion on the morning of your hearing or trial, usually conveyed to you orally by a police officer or the ACA. That means you don't have much time to prepare. More reason to get a professional involved.