Obviously, the Federal government can be away to go, if you can stick it out for the required years. Still, it's not difficult to save $1.5 million over the next 40 years in the private sector.
Let's play around with a few numbers. Let's say you set up an IRA. In your case, make it a Roth IRA. You'd be contributing after-tax dollars, but then when you retire you'd be able to withdraw the money tax-free. Right now, you're able to contribute a maximum of $5,000 a year to a Roth. Let's say you do that, with monthly contributions of $416.67. And let's say you invest your IRA in a stock index fund--a mutual fund that mimics the gains or losses of the stock market. The stock market averages about 7% a year. (Some calculations put it higher.) When you do the calculations--$5,000 a year for 40 years at 7%--you have $1,035,640.
There's your $1 million.
It's true that inflation will eat some of that away. So you should be aiming higher. Still . . .
Now let's have some fun. Suppose you work for a company (or companies, most likely) that will match the first 3% of your contributions to their 401k. And let's assume your average annual income over the next 40 years is $150,000. Sounds like a lot, but over 40 years? (My salary 40 years ago was $10,000. It's now $100,000.)
You're already contributing the maximum you can. But now your employer chips in 3% of your salary. You start off with a $50,000 salary, and that goes up 4% a year. you contribute 10% of your annual salary. Your employer matches 3% of that. Again, assume 7% annual growth. After 40 years, you'll have contributed $494,128. Your employer(s) will have contributed $148,240. At the end of those 40 years, your 401k will be worth $2,361,834.
Even scaling the numbers back--assuming you only contribute 6% of your annual salary and you only get 3% salary increases, your 401k will be worth $1,441,964. To plug in your own numbers, see
http://www.bankrate.com/calculators/retirement/401-k-retirement-calculator.aspx or any other retirement calculators online.
You'd asked when I started saving for retirement. I started early, but didn't contribute much. And I still kick myself for leaving my first job at about the 4.5 year mark; at 5 years I'd have been vested (employer contributions). I have no idea how much that was, but let's say that was only $5,000. That would be worth $81,557 (at 7%) today. Not a fortune, but still . . .
And if you want to get really creative, open a self-directed IRA or 401k. You can make investments like real estate in them. Combine that with some real estate techniques that don't take much money (wholesaling, for instance) and you can build up large amounts either tax-free or tax deferred. I know several people who have set up Coverdell Educational Savings Accounts (which work the same way) for their children. Once or twice a year will do a wholesale deal that costs $100 and make $20,000 or more. They're doing the same thing in their own IRAs, but every month or so. If you did that outside your IRA, you'd pay ordinary income tax on it--$5,000-$7,000--on $20,000 of income. Do it inside your IRA, and you don't pay taxes until you withdraw the money (in a traditional IRA) or never (in a Roth IRA).
And a final tip: There are legal ways to enjoy the benefits of those accounts before the age of 59-1/2. (Federal regulations impose penalties on withdrawals before that age for IRAs and 401ks.) A Coverdell account, for instance, can be used for expenses such as visiting colleges to check them out. I know some parents who've traveled with their kids to Europe to check out schools over there. A good accountant should know those techniques.
So, as I said at the beginning, it's not difficult to accomplish or exceed your financial goals in 40 or fewer years.