Re: slavery was practiced in all the colonies
Posted by:
grophusharris
()
Date: May 27, 2017 11:01AM
In fact, Parliament passed a law that forbade the abolition of slavery in the Colonies.
Almost from the time that the French were kicked out of Vermont, the Vermont Territorial Legislature tried to abolish slavery. The failure of the Royal Governors of New York and New Hampshire and even of King George, himself, to address those decrees and, the measures that he ordered taken against the Vermont Territorial Legislature was the source of many of the complaints that Jefferson listed in the Declaration of Independence. By 1775, Vermont was in open revolt against the Crown. It adopted a Constitution in 1777. Article One of that Constitution specifically prohibits slavery. Vermont was admitted in 1791. Article One of its current Constitution is the same as it was in 1777.
The Third Wave of English migrants to Massachusetts also abhorred slavery. Many of them worked to have it eliminated in Massachusetts. The General Assembly would not ban it, citing the decree of Parliament that forbade its abolition in the Colonies. By 1775, things had changed. Massachusetts, like Vermont, was in open, armed revolt against the Crown. There were several attempts at adopting a Constitution there, all rejected by plebiscite, but finally, in 1780 one was adopted.
In 1779, The Massachusetts General Assembly decreed that "The descendants of African Negro slaves are Citizens of the Commonwealth, and, such as are eligible may be registered to vote." Further, in 1779, a slave named Quock Walker sued, demanding his freedom that had been promised to him by his late master (the wife had re-married and the new husband refused to honour the late husband's manumission). He won his freedom based on the manumission. Still, the new husband refused to honour the judge's decree. In 1781, Walker sued again, claiming that the Massachusetts Constitution prohibited slavery. The case came before Judge William Cushing. Cushing's instructions to the jury effectively ended lawful slavery in Massachusetts. Walker did have to sue one more time. In the Spring of 1783 for Cushing, ruling on the final Walker case, did rule, finally, that the Massachusetts Constitution did, in fact, prohibit slavery. Thus, Massachusetts became the only state that ever abolished slavery by judicial review. The War of Independence concluded in September, 1783.
Meanwhile, in 1781, as well, the case of Mum Bett came before the courts in Hampshire County, Massachusetts. There, Elizabeth Freeman, supported by abolitionists, sued in Hampshire County court claiming that the Massachusetts Constitution prohibited slavery. The judge ruled in her favour, but the ruling was binding only in Hampshire County.
In 1779, the Pennsylvania Legislature passed a law that provided for the gradual abolition of slavery. The Quakers generally abhorred slavery.
Many of the Americans considered slavery to be part of the old ways, something allowed under the British that had no place in a nation that arose for freedom's cause. Those people prevailed in Massachusetts, Vermont and Pennsylvania, as well as in Connecticut and Rhode Island, which abolished slavery in 1784, the year following the conclusion of the War of Independence. In some of the northern states, it did take a bit longer. New York did not abolish slavery until 1828. The New York slave owners were mostly the Dutch, who, although under British rule, then American, were still a powerful political bloc. They opposed the abolition of slavery.
When the Civil War began, New Jersey and Delaware were under gradual abolition. The last slave in New Jersey went free in 1863. At the war's conclusion, there were still some nine hundred slaves in Delaware. They did not go free until December, 1865, when the Thirteenth Amendment took effect.
West Virginia banned slavery in 1865.
Kentucky, although sympathetic to the Confederate cause, considered that it would not be to its advantage to secede. It never did abolish slavery until so compelled by the Thirteenth Amendment.
Missouri considered its position similar to that of Kentucky. It did, however, abolish slavery in January of 1865.
The presence of Federal troops prevented Maryland from seceding. On 26, October, 1864 (effective 1 November of that year), the Maryland House of Delegates voted to abolish slavery. Ironically, Roger Taney died that day.
In 1862, Lincoln ordered the slaves held in the District of Columbia to be set free. This was the largest compensated emancipation in the history of slavery in the United States.
Not everyone in America supported slavery, although more than a few did.